First-Degree Burns in Children

A burn is damage to tissues of the body caused by contact with things such as heat, radiation or chemicals. A first-degree burn affects only the outer layer of skin (epidermis).

The causes of a first-degree burn can include:

• Mild sunburn
• Very hot water
• Hot object, like a pot or pan

Symptoms can occur a bit differently in each child. Symptoms can include skin that is:

• Red
• Dry
• Peeling
• Painful for 48 to 72 hours and then feels better

The symptoms of a first-degree burn can be like other health conditions. Make sure your child sees his or her healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

The healthcare provider will ask about your child’s symptoms and health history. He or she will give your child a physical exam. The diagnosis of a first-degree burn is based on the signs and symptoms, and recent exposure to something that can cause a burn. This may be the sun, something hot or a chemical.

Treatment will depend on your child’s symptoms, age and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is.

A first-degree burn usually heals on its own within a week. Treatment may include:

• A wet cloth soaked with cold water (cold compress) held to the skin, to ease pain
• Antibacterial cream, to help prevent infection
• Other creams, to lessen pain and swelling
• Over-the-counter medicine such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen for pain and swelling
• Any other treatment advised by your child’s healthcare provider

First-degree burns are usually not bandaged.

Long-term tissue damage is rare and may be an increase or decrease in the skin color. In some cases, the area may become infected.

The following are some ways to prevent burns in children:

• Keep your child out of the sun. Use sunscreen when your child is old enough, usually at 6 months.
• Make sure hot water is set below 120° F (48.8° C).
• Put covers on electrical outlets.
• Make sure pot and pan handles are turned toward the back of the stove.
• Be careful with hot drinks.
• Keep hot appliances in safe places. This includes toasters, irons and hair-styling tools.
• Teach children never to play with matches and lighters and keep these items out of reach of children.

Call your child's healthcare provider if:

• Your child has a fever
• There is fluid leaking from the burn area
• There is increased swelling or redness of the burn area
• A large area of your child's body is burned