Nasal Obstruction

Nasal obstruction in children can be caused by a variety of factors that block or narrow the nasal passages, making it harder for them to breathe through their nose. Common causes include swelling from colds or sinus infections, allergies, growths or structural issues. In some cases, nasal polyps, foreign objects stuck in the nose or congenital conditions may also lead to obstruction.

Children with nasal obstruction may have trouble breathing through their nose, especially during sleep or feeding. Common symptoms include:

• Noisy breathing
• Mouth breathing
• Nasal congestion
• Snoring
• Runny or stuffy nose

You might also notice your child has difficulty nursing or eating, frequent sinus infections or speaks with a nasal-sounding voice. In some cases, nasal obstruction can cause fatigue, poor sleep or behavioral changes due to disrupted breathing.

Nasal obstructions in children are diagnosed through a physical exam, a review of symptoms and sometimes imaging tests like CT scans or MRIs to check for structural issues such as nasal dermoids or enlarged adenoids. Pediatric ENT specialists may also use a nasal endoscope—a small camera—to look inside the nose for blockages. If allergies are suspected as a contributing factor, allergy testing (such as skin prick or intradermal tests) may be recommended to identify triggers like pollen, dust mites or pet dander. These tests help guide treatment and may reveal if allergic rhinitis is causing or worsening nasal symptoms.

Treatment for nasal obstructions in children depends on the cause and may include medications, allergy care or surgery. Pediatric specialists often start with nasal sprays or saline rinses to reduce swelling and improve breathing. If allergies are contributing to the blockage, antihistamines, nasal steroids or allergy shots may be recommended to manage symptoms. In cases involving structural issues like nasal dermoids or enlarged adenoids, imaging and surgery may be needed. 

If a foreign object is causing the obstruction, it must be removed promptly by a healthcare provider using suction, special tools, or—if necessary—surgery. Parents should never attempt removal at home, as this can push the object deeper or cause airway problems. After removal, your child may receive antibiotics or nasal drops to prevent infection and support healing.