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An enlarged thyroid, or goiter, can usually be painless but have adverse effects on the body. A large goiter can cause difficulty breathing or swallowing. The thyroid gland produces two main hormones – thyroxine (T-4) and triiodothyronine(T-3), which circulate in the bloodstream and regulate metabolism. An enlarged thyroid may be regulating hormones properly, or it may produce too much or too little. Other common causes of an enlarged thyroid could include Graves’ disease or Hashimoto’s disease.

View our management and referral algorithms (PDF).

Initial Evaluation and Management

When to Refer

How to Refer

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Outpatient Appointment Referral Pads (PDFs)

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