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Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders (CASD)

Children’s Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders (CASD) provides evaluation and treatment services for children with atypical or complicated developmental disorders. It addresses the needs of all children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and specializes in the diagnosis and evaluation of children with primary deficits in the following:
  • Social cognition
  • Communication
  • Executive functioning, including
    • Planning/organization skills
    • Flexibility skills
    • Inhibition skills
    • Working memory skills
    • Self-monitoring skills
Children with ASD benefit from our multidisciplinary team that includes specialists in:
  • Developmental/clinical psychology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Developmental neuropsychology
  • Psychiatry
  • Speech and language pathology
Services from other Children’s divisions are integrated as needed, including
  • Developmental pediatrics
  • Genetics
  • Neurology
The Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders has four major activities.
  • Clinical services
    The multidisciplinary staff specializes in evaluation and treatment of children from infancy to young adulthood who may have autism, Asperger syndrome, or other disorders of social development.
  • Research
    The Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders conducts a variety of research studies, investigating the genetic, neurocognitive, behavioral, and social factors associated with autism, and is always seeking participants.
  • Professional training
    Training in neuropsychology, psychology and psychiatry is provided at the pre-doctoral externship, pre-doctoral internship and postdoctoral fellowship levels.
  • Community Education and Advocacy
    The Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders disseminates up-to-date information to families, patients, school personnel, physicians and other health providers, and community agency personnel through seminars, workshops, in-services, and consultations. Faculty also frequently offer talks and workshops. Previous and ongoing efforts include newsletters with research updates, faculty talks and workshops, community outreach lecture series, and a parent advisory committee.
Clinical Services

The multidisciplinary staff evaluates and treats children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), including full autistic disorder (autism), Asperger syndrome and other social development disorders.

The evaluation process may include a series of assessments to accurately diagnose an Autism Spectrum Disorder. These evaluations are determined patient-by-patient but may include: Multidisciplinary Evaluation

Our multidisciplinary evaluation encompasses many other evaluations for children and families with complex needs. Our diagnostic services incorporate state-of-the-art, scientifically validated assessment instruments.

Our multidisciplinary evaluation draws on the skills of the entire team and includes the following:
  • Review of medical and developmental histories
  • Complete neuropsychological or developmental evaluation of cognitive, social, and adaptive functioning
  • Comprehensive speech/language assessment of verbal and nonverbal communication skills
  • Standardized diagnostic play/interview session
Based on our findings, team members meet with the child’s parents (or guardian) to discuss diagnosis, prognosis and recommendations for school placement, behavioral intervention and adjunct services.

In addition to a meeting with parents, we provide a written report with recommendations for academic and therapeutic interventions. Based on parental preference, we can consult with the child’s school by attending school meetings and assisting with the development and implementation of educational plans.

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Neuropsychological Evaluation

This service is available as a part of the Multidisciplinary Evaluations or as a stand-alone evaluation. We assess children, ages 4-18, who are high-functioning and have developmental disorders.

A neurophyschological evaluation determines:
  • Intellectual functioning
  • Language
  • Visual-spatial skills
  • Attention
  • Executive function
  • Memory
  • Social problem solving
  • Fine motor abilities
Based on the resulting profile of the child’s strengths and weaknesses, we provide a written report with recommendations for academic and therapeutic interventions. Based on parental preference, we can consult with the child’s school by attending school meetings and assisting with the development and implementation of educational plans.

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Developmental Evaluation

This service is available as a part of the Multidisciplinary Evaluations or as a stand-alone evaluation. We assess children, younger than 5 years old, with normal cognitive development but who may be experiencing developmental delays. We also assess children younger than 7 years old who are suspected of having cognitive impairments.

A developmental evaluation determines:
  • Intellectual functioning
  • Language
  • Visual-spatial skills
  • Fine motor abilities
  • Daily living skills
  • General development.
Based on the resulting profile of the child’s strengths and weaknesses, we provide a written report with recommendations for academic and therapeutic interventions. Based on parental preference, we can consult with the child’s school by attending school meetings and assisting with the development and implementation of educational plans.

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Speech and Language Evaluation

This service is available as a part of the Multidisciplinary Evaluations or as a stand-alone evaluation. We assess children, ages birth to 18 to determine their speech and language abilities.

A Speech/Language Evaluation determines:
  • Development of the mechanics of speech (e.g., articulation)
  • Perception of language (e.g., phonological processing)
  • Comprehension of language
  • Expressive language
  • Higher order language functioning
  • Social use of language (e.g., pragmatics)
Based on the resulting profile of the child’s strengths and weaknesses, we provide a written report with recommendations for academic and therapeutic interventions. Based on parental preference, we can consult with the child’s school by attending school meetings and assisting with the development and implementation of educational plans.

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Social Skills Training Groups

We offer training groups for children who have been diagnosed with High Functioning Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS), Asperger Syndrome or a social learning disorder.

The topics covered in each group are designed to meet the specific needs of the group's participants

  • Identifying and responding to emotional states
  • Handling teasing and bullying
  • Developing strategies for making and maintaining friendships
  • Developing appropriate nonverbal communication
The format of these groups includes both direct instruction and role-playing activities, which allow children to develop and practice skills in a controlled setting. Parents are provided with a curriculum and appropriate materials in order to help their child continue practicing in the home and/or school settings.

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Psychiatric Services

We offer patients psychiatric evaluation and consultation in order to assist in the identification of conditions that may compound developmental delays. We can develop a complete treatment plan that may include the use of medications and psychological counseling. Our team’s child and adolescent psychiatrist provides ongoing monitoring of medications in conjunction with psychological counseling, if needed.

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Additional Consultation and Support Services

In addition to the services outlined here, we also offer consulting and support for patients, siblings and whole families whose lives may be disrupted by the challenges of raising a child with developmental delays and/or autism spectrum disorders.

We offer as part of our comprehensive services or stand-alone services the following:
  • Individual therapy (talk therapy)
  • Family therapy (talk therapy)
  • Behavior management consultation for children and their parents
  • Speech and language therapy
  • Psychopharmacological management (medications)
  • School consultation
  • Educational advocacy
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Professional Training for the Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders

Children’s Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders is a multidisciplinary program including neuropsychology, developmental psychology, speech/ language pathology, and psychiatry. Trainees include medical residents, postdoctoral neuropsychology fellows, and predoctoral psychology interns and externs.

We offer the following Education and Professional Training: Back to Top
Research

The Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders conducts research to investigate cognitive, neurological, or genetic differences in children with autism, as compared to their typically developing peers. One of CASD’s main targets of interest is studying dysfunction in executive function (EF), which can help to better understand repetitive, inflexible and disorganized behaviors in ASD and underlying, biologically based brain abnormalities in ASD.

The Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders offers four main avenues for researching executive function, social development, and treatment of ASD symptoms.
  • Neuropsychological/behavioral research, which uses established state-of-the-art diagnostic and cognitive tests that characterize the strengths and weaknesses of autism spectrum disorders, as well as new measures that help us address specific theoretical questions regarding the developmental trajectory of ASD. This type of research may involve participating in paper-and-pencil tasks, computer tasks, and an intelligence test.
  • Functional and structural imaging research, which examines the brain areas that are involved in cognitive abilities, such as shifting tasks, learning, and social perception. This type of research may involve participating in MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scans.
  • Genetics investigations that explore the causes of autism.
  • Intervention research to develop effective school-based treatments aimed at improving EF skills that directly impede academic performance on a daily basis.
Current research projects:

We are currently conducting major research projects with several collaborators in the community.
  • The Center for Autism is investigating social and non-social cognitive skills through the use of genetic, brain imaging, and neuropsychological measures. CASD is recruiting children with ASD and typically developing peers who are ages 6-12 years old.
  • Georgetown University (Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory and the Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging) is studying brain development in children with ASD and typically developing peers who are ages 6-12 years old. In another study, Georgetown University is investigating face-processing in adults with ASD or adult relatives of people with ASD.
  • The Lab of Brain and Cognition in the National Institutes of Mental Health (NIMH) is recruiting adolescents/young adults (ages 13-22) with ASD on imaging, eye tracking and genetics protocols.
  • Collaborators at the Ivymount School are developing a school-based intervention to improve flexibility.
  • CASD also collaborates with other institutions, such as George Washington University, The University of Maryland at College Park, as well as other departments within Children’s National Medical Center.
Participating in ASD program research projects

The team is currently recruiting children with typical development or those with diagnoses of High Functioning Autism, Asperger syndrome, and Pervasive Developmental Disorder – Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) and without mental retardation, a known genetic disorder (i.e., Fragile X), or epilepsy.

How studies in the ASD program are performed

The time commitment for each study is approximately 4-8 hours total. This is broken into approximately 1-2 imaging sessions (and/or eye-tracking sessions for adolescents) and 1-2 behavioral/diagnostic testing sessions that vary in length depending on the child’s age and need for breaks. Parents will be asked to complete questionnaires and a diagnostic interview for parents of children with ASD. The questionnaires and interview occur in tandem with the child’s testing session(s).

Imaging tasks change periodically, but recent studies have focused on:
  • Working Memory – Remembering information and using it to complete a task.
  • Inhibition – Stopping an action or behavior that may have been appropriate earlier but is now inappropriate.
  • Implicit learning – Learning that occurs naturally. That is, the individual is not given specific instructions to memorize the material.
  • Cognitive flexibility – Shifting attention from one task to another or to view a stimulus in multiple ways.
  • Processing speed – The speed with which an individual can take in information and make an accurate response.
To contact us about our research, call 301-765-5425 or e-mail autism@cnmc.org

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